Spending Time Research Articles

Effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding doom scrolling among undergraduate nursing students in selected nursing colleges: A pre-experimental

Doom Scrolling is Spending excessive time online surfing and reading negative or unfavorable news makes a person unhealthy. The primary objectives of the study is To assess the effectiveness of Self-instructional Module on Knowledge regarding Doom scrolling among undergraduate Nursing students. And the secondary objectives are, To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding Doom scrolling among undergraduate Nursing students. To assess the post-test knowledge regarding Doom scrolling among undergraduate Nursing students. To assess the effectiveness of Self-instructional Module on Knowledge regarding Doom scrolling among undergraduate Nursing students. Pre-Experimental one group pre-test post-test research design is used in this study and included 60 undergraduate students as a sample by using Non-Probability Convenient sampling. Assessment is done by using Self Structured Questionnaire on Demographic Variables and Structured Questionnaire on Doom Scrolling. The finding reveals that in pre test 41% students got poor score, 37% students have average and 22% students got good knowledge score while after administrating Self Instructional Module in post test 12% students have poor, 24% students got average and 64% students got good score. It is interpreted that after administrating Structure Instructional Module the knowledge regarding ‘Doomscrolling’ has been improved for undergraduate students.

Investigating the Status of Contamination With Pulex irritans and Xenopsylla cheopis in Pets, Guard and Stray Dogs in Tabriz, Iran

Introduction: Fleas are the most prevalent ectoparasites indoors and outdoors due to their high reproductive rate, ability to feed on different hosts, and the unpleasant effects of their bites. Methods: This study was conducted on 360 dogs in and around Tabriz to find the rate and type of human flea contamination in these dogs, which were divided into three categories: pets, guards, and stray dogs. After fleas were identified in the dogs’ skin, they were taken with glue and fixed on the slide with glue. When the number of fleas was large, the captured fleas were transported to a test tube and treated with 70% alcohol. Dehydration of fleas was performed with ascending percentages of ethanol from 50 to 100% absolute and was kept inside each alcohol percentage for 10 to 20 minutes. Results: Regarding the dogs studied in this research, the rate of actual contamination in guard dogs was 76.67% (92 dogs were contaminated with flea feces). However, 74 dogs (about 15%) were infested with different fleas. Unfortunately, the rate of contamination in stray dogs was 100%. The rate of real contamination based on the separation of fleas and flea excrement from the body of this group of dogs was equal. The rate of flea infestation in pet dogs was 14 out of 100 dogs, representing 14% contamination. Conclusion: It should be acknowledged that, unfortunately, flea infestation is expected in the region’s dogs, depending on the type of dogs kept. Infestation with these insidious skin parasites with varying rates and symptoms is common, which, in addition to the economic damage of spending time and money on medicine for disease in animals, causes environmental pollution, increases the likelihood of disease transmission by these parasites, and increases the possibility of human infection and disease transmission from them to humans, as well as environmental pollution.

Do we listen to what makes children happy? A systematic literature review of voices of children aged 3–7 years in educational research

Research shows that children’s views and experiences are usually overlooked in discussions related to their own happiness and wellbeing. In fact, the largest international study to date on children’s wellbeing only included children aged 8-12. A review of reviews further reveals that no previous studies have focused on exploring factors that make children aged 3-7 happy. This research addresses this gap in the literature by conducting the first systematic review of international studies exploring young children's perspectives on happiness. The EPPI-Centre framework guided this systematic review of international research published covering almost a decade of research (2015-2024). This comprehensive approach aimed to provide an overview of the current research landscape to inform future research and policy decisions. Out of 2594 papers arguing to listen to children, only five focused on exploring children’s happiness and wellbeing from an interpretivist perspective. Results showed that there are studies listening to children’s voices, however, very limited studies genuinely explore what makes children happy. Factors contributing to children’s happiness and wellbeing include spending time with loved ones, receiving praise, achieving goals and engaging in sociodramatic play. Negative factors include feeling ignored, limited interaction with peers/friends and forced activities. Methodological limitations identified include unclear sample selection, regional bias, subjective data interpretation, and pre-determined prompts influencing children's responses. The findings can inform future research directions and policy decisions aimed at promoting children's happiness and well-being in schools. As such, this paper provides a unique insight and makes an original and significant contribution to the field.

Canine separation-related problems: Part 4: first steps in resolving owner absent problems

‘Canine separation-related problems’ cover a range of behavioural presentations that occur while a dog is separated from its carer. These problems can result from activity in an array of emotional networks and can be motivated by various factors within the dog's environment and social relationships. Given the broad range of factors that are associated with separation-related problems, assisting carers in supporting their dogs as they develop the capacity to cope during carer absence can be complex, exhausting and time consuming for both the rehabilitation team and carer. Yet, supporting carers as they create an underlying sense of safety for their dog is a common requirement that is critical to all rehabilitation plans. For some dogs, an improved sense of coping and safety may be all that is required to enable the dog to progress to spending time independently of their owner.

Conveying Love For Animals To Children Through Animated Cartoons: Niloya

In this study, the animated cartoon series "Niloya," which is broadcast on the children's television channel TRT Çocuk and targets preschool and school-aged children, is examined. Animals hold an important place in the world of children, just as humans and nature do. Therefore, depicting animals in animated cartoons makes them significant for children's education. The role of animated cartoons in conveying values to children is an undeniable fact. This study investigates the teaching of love for animals to children and traces the relationship between humans and animals through the Niloya animated cartoon series. For this purpose, 37 episodes of the cartoon were selected using purposive sampling technique and analyzed through narrative analysis method. As a result of the study, scenes depicting friendship between humans and animals were frequently observed in the examined episodes. Topics such as the necessity of extending a helping hand to animals living in need, the social and emotional benefits of pet ownership for children, the sense of getting to know and exploring new animals, and the importance of not harming animals were addressed in the atmosphere of the animated cartoon. Throughout all the analyzed episodes, expressions of love for animals, cooperation, friendship, spending time with them, playing with them, and human support towards animals were evident.

"Honestly, they are just like us": U.S. parents choose middle-class gender and racial ingroup peers for their children.

Children and adolescents benefit from positive intergroup peer interactions, but they are unlikely to have many opportunities for these interactions if their parents are uncomfortable with them. Drawing primarily on social identity theory (SIT), this study investigated how U.S. parents' (N = 569) comfort with their children's potential intergroup peer interactions (a) differed by child and peer group gender (boy, girl), race (Black, White), and social class (higher-, middle-, or lower-subjective social status), (b) changed over the transition from childhood to adolescence (8-10, 11-13, and 14-16 years), and (c) varied by context intimacy (hanging out vs. sleeping over). The sample was equally balanced between parents of children reflecting those same group memberships. Consistent with SIT, when asked to choose, parents were typically most comfortable with their child spending time with middle-class peers who shared their child's gender and racial ingroup membership. Moreover, parents often explained their decisions with reference to similarities between these peers and their own child or family. Parents' comfort did not differ systematically by child age, but many parents were less comfortable with cross-gender peer interactions in the more intimate sleepover context than the less intimate hangout context. All groups of parents also exhibited at least some openness to cross-group interactions. These findings advance developmental scientists' understanding of parents' roles as potential facilitators or gatekeepers of their children's intergroup peer interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Neurolinguistic Features of Digital Autism

The way of thinking and consciousness of a person is not only a problem of an individual, but also a general socio-social problem. In the modern era of “digitalization”, the phenomenon of “digital autism” is rapidly gaining momentum among the younger generation, especially among children and adolescents. Screeners, buzzers or Generation “Z” are modern children who cannot imagine their lives without electronic devices. This makes it difficult not only for the child to develop language abilities and speech activity, but also to adapt to the social environment, get an education, and the path to professional success. The article examines the impact of digital autism, which is the impact of autism on people's daily and personal lives. Currently, social networking or excessive spending time in a virtual environment can give people an advantage over direct communication and give them emotional freedom and confidence that are not always present in ordinary communication. However, excessive isolation from society, the distinction between virtual and real life situations, their correct assessment and the development of specific solutions create certain difficulties. The complexity of the issue of digital autism lies in the fact that digital autism occurs not only in children, but also in adults. Unfortunately, there are few neurolinguistic studies on the prevention of digital autism, treatment of autism, rehabilitation, and restoration of brain function. Digital autism is one of the most difficult problems that requires studying at the junction of several sciences, such as neurolinguistics, sociology, medicine, defectology, from the point of view of the anthropolinguistic paradigm.

Survey data linking coastal visit behaviours to socio-demographic and health profiles

Coastal destinations are highly popular for leisure, yet the effects of spending time at the coast on mental and physical health have remained underexplored. To accelerate the research about the effects of the coast on health, we compiled a dataset from a survey on a sample (N = 1939) of the adult Flemish population about their visits to the Belgian coast. The survey queried the number of days spent at the coast in the previous year or before and the following characteristics of their visits: how often they performed specific activities, which of the 14 municipal seaside resorts they visited, who they were with, what they mentally and physically experienced, and what reasons they had for not visiting the coast more often. The respondents’ geo-demographic (including residential proximity to the coast), socio-economic, and health profile was also collected. We anticipate that investigations on the data will increase our understanding about the social structuring of coastal visits and give context to the effects of the coast on human health.

The Impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations as a Financial and Climate Resilience Strategy for Mitigating Food Insecurity in Northern Ghana

In semi-arid Northern Ghana, smallholder farmers face food insecurity and financial risk due to climate change. In response, the Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) model, a community-led microfinance model, has emerged as a promising finance and climate resilience strategy. VSLAs offer savings, loans, and other financial services to help smallholder farmers cope with climate risks. In northern Ghana, where formal financial banking is limited, VSLAs serve as vital financial resources for smallholder farmers. Nevertheless, it remains to be seen how VSLAs can bridge financial inclusion and climate resilience strategies to address food insecurity. From a sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) perspective, we utilized data from a cross-sectional survey of 517 smallholder farmers in northern Ghana’s Upper West Region to investigate how VSLAs relate to food insecurity. Results from an ordered logistic regression show that households with membership in a VSLA were less likely to experience severe food insecurity (OR = 0.437, p < 0.01). In addition, households that reported good resilience, owned land, had higher wealth, were female-headed, and made financial decisions jointly were less likely to experience severe food insecurity. Also, spending time accessing the market increases the risk of severe food insecurity. Despite the challenges of the VSLA model, these findings highlight VSLAs’ potential to mitigate food insecurity and serve as a financially resilient and climate-resilient strategy in resource-poor contexts like the UWR and similar areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. VSLAs could contribute to achieving SDG2, zero hunger, and SDG13, climate action. However, policy interventions are necessary to support and scale VSLAs as a sustainable development and food security strategy in vulnerable regions.

Memories and testimonies of passbooks, permits and platkeps in apartheid-era Batho, Mangaung

he memories and testimonies of black people who were on the receiving end of racial discrimination provide important evidence of their lived experiences during the apartheid era (1948–1994). They ‘revisit’ apartheid South Africa because of recurring memories of traumatic experiences. Sadly, they relive the painful incidents emotionally when such memories are triggered. The National Museum in Bloemfontein has interviewed more than 150 Batho residents about their experiences of Batho’s apartheid past, specifically their experiences of racist municipal laws and regulations. Although discriminatory municipal policies are rooted in the racial sentiments of Bloemfontein’s colonial (1846–1910) and segregationist (1910–1948) periods, they are also based on national legislation, notably the Natives (Urban Areas) Act of 1923. Direct quotes from interviews allow interviewees to speak for themselves. The interviewees’ testimonies of their experiences have generated information about, among others, the carrying of passbooks; visits to the pass office; maltreatment by municipal police (platkeps); being arrested for not having a passbook; spending time in police cells for committing loaferskap (idleness) or for housing an overnight guest without a lodger’s permit; being victims of violent house raids; and being harassed by the night curfew siren. Because most interviewees’ parents and grandparents were subjected to similar discriminatory laws and regulations, traumatic experiences are a multi-generational phenomenon.Contribution: The oral history methodology was used to reconstruct aspects of Batho’s apartheid history. By tapping into people’s memories and testimonies, this article aims to present a history from ‘below’ of Mangaung’s oldest existing township and, thereby, contribute to local historiography.

Government healthcare spending in times of economic sanctions

ABSTRACT Worldwide, countries are constantly exposed to the effects of global political and economic changes owing to benefit-sharing connections, whereby changes in the forms of relationships and sanction impositions can put pressure on countries’ financing systems, including the healthcare sector. This study examines the effects of economic sanctions on government healthcare spending. Quantitative data on government healthcare spending from the WHO covering the 2000–2020 period were evaluated using the Wilcoxon – Mann – Whitney test. The results showed that government healthcare spending in Iraq, Libya, and Iran did not respond to economic sanctions but it did decline significantly in Venezuela, suggesting a limited effect on countries with long economic sanction experiences. With the world’s continuous political and economic uncertainty, countries worldwide should not focus on short-term plans but regularly revise and bolster their healthcare financing pool and maintain financing strategies that limit the effect of global political and economic changes.

"Daddy comforts me"-Young Swedish children's perspectives on their family relations before and after their parents' participation in a parenting programme.

Despite extensive research assessing parenting support, there is a lack of knowledge about the perspectives of the youngest children. In this study, we explored changes in preschool children's emotional and relational experiences at home before and after their parents participated in a parenting intervention, the Triple P parenting programme. Nine children in total were interviewed, aged 3-6 years, whose parents participated in a group parenting intervention. The interviews were conducted during the first and final group sessions attended by the children's parents. Data were analysed qualitatively, using a longitudinal approach, resulting in a deductive mapping of the children's statements onto four themes, based on the parenting intervention's main objectives. Further, changes in content for each of the four themes were assessed. Before the programme, children described conflicts with siblings, parents' negative emotions, and punitive parenting behaviours. After the programme, sibling conflicts remained, but parents' negative emotions decreased and parent threats and violence ceased. Positive family interactions and quality time increased, along with experiences of tenderness and being comforted. Parents also implemented new strategies such as verbal management and more comforting or soothing behaviours. Clinical implications of the results include promoting positive sibling relationships, emphasising parental self-regulation, encouraging empathy and reconciliation, and highlighting the importance of spending quality time with children. These findings contribute to a better understanding of children's perspectives and provide implications for clinical practice and future research.

The occupational stress and lifestyle of anesthesiologists living in the southern district of Tamil Nadu- A pilot questionnaire-based survey

A pilot questionnaire-based method was used to assess the qualitative data on work-related stress, family spending time and to evaluate the usefulness of this survey in managing their stress in their own feasible way among the anesthesiologists living in Tamil Nadu, Southern India.It was a cross-sectional, confidential survey conducted using a questionnaire method. It consisted of 15 questions under four headings prepared and handed over personally to 100 anesthesiologists who attended the State-level Anesthesiology Continuing medical education (CMEs), conducted in two districts of the southernmost part of Tamil Nadu. All the questions had a minimum of three multiple-choice options. They were subdivided into four sections: a) Questions on Demographic profile, b) Questions on assessment of time spent with family members: travel time, c) Questions on the assessment of personal time spent: hobbies, recreational activities, exercise, and habits of addiction d) Questions to assess the work pressure.Seventy anaesthesiologists (70%) responded to the survey. The mean age of the participants was 39.5(12.2) years. Among them, 14.3% (10) had diabetes, and 11.4% (8) had hypertension young. 24.3% (17) had>12 duty hours. Most of them spend (34.3%; 24) only 1-2 hours per day with family. Only 15.6% (5) exercise > 5 hours a week. Fifty percent of the participants were stressed during the first case of death on the table (DOT), only 17% handled with confidence and were not stressed, but 33% were stressed and did not sleep well for a few days. The overall stress levels were 61.4%. Forty-two percent (42.8%; 30) have addictive habits such as smoking and drinking alcohol. Our questionnaire-based study helped the responded Anaesthesiologists realize the amount of work-related stress, personal time, and family time is inadequate. At the end of the survey, most wanted to change their lifestyle and spend valuable family and me time for the rest of their life. 

The Forensic Mental Health Implications of Social Media Challenges.

Children and adults are increasingly spending time on social networking sites where they may be exposed to social media challenges. These challenges, which are essentially dares or competitions, often involve participants recording themselves performing various activities to create a short video which they then share online. Many social media challenges may be considered relatively benign, but others may involve behaviors or tasks that lead to adverse outcomes, including injury and death. In this article, the authors describe different types of social media challenges, susceptibility to risk-taking among social media users, and the potential criminal and civil legal aspects of these challenges. This article focuses on the forensic mental health implications of social media challenges, including considerations for forensic psychiatrists and other mental health professionals who may become involved in court cases related to these challenges.

Motivation and preferences for learning of patients with COPD or asthma and their significant others in pulmonary rehabilitation: a qualitative study

IntroductionIn depth understanding of educational needs from the perspective of the learners in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is lacking. To improve learning in PR, understanding of factors that induce or enhance intrinsic motivation in both patients and their significant others is needed. Therefore, this study aims to gain in-depth understanding of what motivates patients with COPD and asthma referred for PR and their significant others to learn and what their preferences are for education.MethodsFor this qualitative study, a sample was taken from a previous quantitative study. Data was collected through a one-time face-to-face semi-structured interview. The interviews were transcribed and independently analysed by two researchers using thematic analyses.ResultsTwelve patients and four significant others (56% female; age: 63±11 years) have been interviewed. Participants expressed a variety of information needs and learning preferences. Subthemes that emerged within the theme of motivation for learning were: 1) curiosity, such as knowledge gaps and hope for new information; and 2) values and goals, such as own health, caring for loved ones and spending time with family.DiscussionTo enhance intrinsic motivation for learning within PR, autonomy of individuals should be supported by offering several learning topics and education adapted to preferences, while curiosity should be fostered by targeting information needs. Moreover, health education programs should match with the personal values and goals of individuals, such as own health, caring for loved ones and spending time with family.

Tensions experienced by case managers working in home care for older adults in Quebec: first level analysis of an institutional ethnography

BackgroundCase managers play a vital role in integrating the necessary services to optimise health-related goals and outcomes. Studies suggest that in home care, case managers encounter tensions in their day-to-day work, that is, disjuncture between what they should do, in theory, and what they actually do, in practice. However, direct exploration of these tensions is lacking. As such, this study aimed to describe the tensions encountered by case managers in public home care for older adults in Quebec and their influence on day-to-day work.MethodsAn institutional ethnography was conducted through observations of work, interviews and a survey with case managers working in home care in Quebec. Data were analysed using institutional ethnography first-level analysis procedures. This included mapping the work sequences as well as identifying the tensions experienced by case managers through the words they used.ResultsThree main tensions were identified. First, case managers perceive that, despite working to return hospitalised older adults at home safely, their work also aims to help free up hospital beds. Thus, they often find themselves needing to respond quickly to hospital-related inquiries or expedite requests for home care services. Second, they are supposed to delegate the care to “partners” (e.g., private organisations). However, they feel that they are in effect managing the quality of the services provided by the “partners.” Consequently, they go to great lengths to ensure that good care will be provided. Finally, they must choose between meeting organisational requirements (e.g., reporting statistics about the work, documenting information in the older adults’ file, doing mandatory assessments) and spending time providing direct care. This often leads to prioritising direct care provision over administrative tasks, resulting in minimal reporting of essential information.ConclusionThe results are discussed using the three lenses of professional practice context analyses (i.e., accountability, ethics, and professional-as-worker) to formulate recommendations for practice and research. They suggest that, despite their important role, case managers have limited power in home care (e.g., with partners, with the hospital).

Nursing students' perceptions of unfinished nursing care: A cross-sectional study

AimTo investigate the prevalence, patterns and reasons for unfinished nursing care as perceived by nursing students. BackgroundUnfinished nursing care (UNC) is a frequently observed phenomenon in the acute care setting. To date, studies have focused primarily on the perspective of nurses or patients, but another important perspective is that of nursing students who provide nursing care in all healthcare settings. DesignA descriptive cross-sectional study. MethodsThe study included 738 undergraduate nursing students from nine Slovak universities. Data were collected between September 2022 and February 2023 using the Slovak version of the Unfinished Nursing Care Survey tool (UNCS). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsThe mean composite score of UNCS was 2.48 (SD=0.68). In general, 100% of nursing students reported that nurses missed at least one or more nursing care activities during their last clinical placement. The average number of missed nursing care activities was 11.2 per nurse as perceived by nursing students during their last clinical placement. Nursing students reported that the most frequently omitted nursing care activity was spending time with patients and their caregivers (3.15 ± 1.11; 92.9%). The most frequently reported reason for UNC was an inadequate number of nurses on the ward (4.31 ± 1.01; 98.1%). In the study, reported UNC could be predicted by previous experience in healthcare, previous clinical rotation, number of patients per shift, perceived staff adequacy and outcome expectations (p <0.05). ConclusionsThe findings reveal that UNC is a widespread phenomenon and all nursing students report this phenomenon during their clinical placements. Spending time with patients and their caregivers emerged as the most frequently omitted nursing care activity, highlighting the importance of patient-centered care. The primary reason cited for UNC was an inadequate number of nurses, highlighting staffing issues as a significant contributing factor. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address staff shortages and improve nursing education to prepare students to address UNC in their future practice.

Adaptation of the scale of effects of social media on eating behavior in Hungarian university students.

People live in a technological world, where social media is used very commonly. Social media has effects on eating behaviors, as in other aspects. For this reason, it is important to measure social media effect. This study aimed to adapt the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behaviour (SESMEB) that examines the effect of social media on eating behavior in Hungarian university students. The SESMEB was translated into the target language by taking various stages. The online questionnaire including general information, social media use, and the eighteen-item SESMEB was used to collect data. The scale was administered to the study group consisting of 213 Hungarian university students, and data from 203 of them were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test construct validity, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the scale in Hungarian. Total correlation value was higher than 0.50 for all items of the scale. The fit indices were at an acceptable level or had a perfect fit. The t-values were significant at the level of 0.1 and ranged between 2.927 and 5.706. The Spearman-Brown coefficient was calculated at 0.894. The reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated to be 0.866. SESMEB scores were different according to spending time daily, sharing content, and using filters or Photoshop on social media (p < 0.05). Higher than 0.80 Cronbach's alpha coefficient and other results show that Hungarian SESMEB is a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, Hungarian SESMEB will be useful for further studies to determine the impact of social media on eating behaviors.

Getting into flow during virtual meetings: How virtual meetings can benefit employee functioning in the work- and home domain

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a majority of the global workforce turned to virtual meetings for work-related communication and continues to do so as part of the shift to hybrid work. This change in communication patterns has led to an increased scholarly emphasis on the costs of virtual meetings for employees. The present study adds to this emerging field of research by taking a theory-led approach to highlight that alongside costs there are benefits to spending time in virtual meetings for employee functioning. Specifically, we integrate the concept of flow experiences and the Conservation of Resources theory to expand our understanding of the psychological mechanisms that link daily time spent in virtual meetings to employees' functioning in the work (i.e., task performance and counterproductive work behavior) and home domains (i.e., work-family conflict and need for recovery). More specifically, we argue that the benefits of virtual meetings manifest through flow experiences and associated reduced within-day changes in cognitive depletion. Furthermore, we identify low emotional dissonance as a contingency in virtual meetings that can strengthen the benefits of this mode of computer mediated communication. Results from two daily diary studies largely support the hypothesized relationships. Our findings have important theoretical and practical implications for employee functioning in the ‘new normal’ of hybrid work.

Maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women at risk for mental health: A Comparative Study

&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; In this study, it was aimed to determine maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women at risk for mental health.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This cross-sectional study was conducted with 404 women between June 10, 2023 and August 1, 2023. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The data were evaluated according to the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) mean score, by dividing them into two groups as those at risk for mental health and those without risk for mental health.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The MAAS mean score of the women participating in the study was 67.78±9.66, and the mean scores of the subscales of "Attachment Quality" and "Time Spent on Attachment" of the MAAS were 40.82±55.33 and 26.95±5.62, respectively; it was determined that the mean score they got from the GHQ-28 was 2.98±3.81. Between the groups with high-risk and non-risky pregnancies, the mean scores of the MAAS and the subscale of Attachment Quality were found to be higher in non-risky pregnancies (p&amp;lt;0.05). Additionally, it was determined that the mean score of “Time Spent on Attachment” of non-risky pregnant women was higher than that of high-risk pregnant women, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p&amp;gt; 0.05). The GHQ-28 mean score was lower in non-risky pregnant women (p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;: In the study, it was determined that the maternal-fetal attachment levels of pregnant women with psychological risk were low. Therefore, the results suggest that it is necessary to determine mental problems in pregnant women and to conduct screening programs more frequently.